{"id":9771,"date":"2022-08-31T19:40:33","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T00:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/?p=9771"},"modified":"2024-10-09T10:30:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T15:30:42","slug":"los-precios-agropecuarios-elementos-que-precarizan-la-vida-en-el-campo-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/los-precios-agropecuarios-elementos-que-precarizan-la-vida-en-el-campo-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Los precios agropecuarios: elementos que precarizan la vida en el campo (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9771\" class=\"elementor elementor-9771\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a144bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a144bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1a0c01\" data-id=\"f1a0c01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c79cca2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c79cca2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"855\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/noticia33.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9772\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/noticia33.jpg 855w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/noticia33-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/noticia33-768x539.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/noticia33-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 855px) 100vw, 855px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0dd6b3\" data-id=\"d0dd6b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d4bf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76d4bf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En el n\u00famero pasado se introdujeron elementos que ayudan a entender la estructura de precios de los productos agropecuarios<a href=\"#notas\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. En ese n\u00famero se mencion\u00f3 que uno de estos elementos era el control estatal. Como sabemos, en nuestro pa\u00eds existen 3 cultivos que cuentan con precios de sustentaci\u00f3n establecidos por mecanismos en los cuales interviene el Estado: arroz, ma\u00edz y banano\u00a0(Redacci\u00f3n Primicias 2021). Antes de profundizar sobre este tema, conviene preguntarnos: \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los precios de sustentaci\u00f3n (PS)? Los PS son un mecanismo de intervenci\u00f3n estatal, que tiene el objetivo de proteger a lxs agricultorxs de las fallas del mercado \u2013acaparaci\u00f3n, contrabando, abuso de poder de las empresas\u2013 que pueden empujar los precios por debajo de los costos de producci\u00f3n\u00a0(Guillem 1968, Direcci\u00f3n Nacional de Estudios de Mercado 2016), trayendo afectaciones y perjuicios en las econom\u00edas de lxs agricultorxs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c1fe9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c1fe9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1284bf6\" data-id=\"1284bf6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6e5745 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6e5745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Como se mencion\u00f3 en el anterior n\u00famero<a href=\"#notas\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>, uno los factores determinantes de los precios tiene que ver con la ubicaci\u00f3n de lxs productorxs respecto a lxs compradorxs\u00a0(Norton 2004). En este sentido, la Tabla 1 confirma no s\u00f3lo la volatilidad de los precios interanuales sino tambi\u00e9n la diferencia de los precios entre los centros de acopio de cada provincia. De hecho, en 2021, en ninguna de las provincias se cumpli\u00f3 con el precio de sustentaci\u00f3n del arroz de $31. Esta tendencia contin\u00faa en 2022 pese al aumento del precio de sustentaci\u00f3n a $34,5 para el grano largo\u00a0(Redacci\u00f3n El Universo 2022). En otro escenario, vemos el caso al que se enfrenta el ma\u00edz duro: se logr\u00f3 cumplir con los precios de sustentaci\u00f3n, excepto en la provincia de Los R\u00edos. El caso de Los R\u00edos es relevante pues, en 2021, esta provincia fue la que cont\u00f3 con el mayor porcentaje de hect\u00e1reas sembradas: 40,8% del total nacional (152 mil hect\u00e1reas)\u00a0(INEC 2022).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37ee4c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37ee4c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fa8340\" data-id=\"8fa8340\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d942b6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d942b6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Por otro lado, el banano, aparentemente, cumple con el precio oficial: En 2021, ten\u00eda un precio de $6,25 d\u00f3lares\u00a0(Redacci\u00f3n Primicias 2021). Si bien el precio promedio super\u00f3 $0,03 centavos en el precio de sustentaci\u00f3n, los valores que m\u00e1s se incrementaron desde 2014 son los recibidos por lxs mayoristas (ver l\u00ednea verde en la Figura 1). La brecha entre los valores percibidos por lxs productorxs y lxs mayoristas pas\u00f3 de $0,03 centavos en 2015 a $1,82 d\u00f3lares, es decir, 29% del valor recibido por lxs productorxs, en 2021\u00a0(SIPA 2022a).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5764ba0\" data-id=\"5764ba0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57dc79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c57dc79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia34-1024x792.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9781\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia34-1024x792.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia34-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia34-768x594.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia34-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia34.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0046ca4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0046ca4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a32f045\" data-id=\"a32f045\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-001bbb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"001bbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Volvamos al arroz. La volatilidad de la serie trimestral de precios promedio del arroz muestra la necesidad de un precio de sustentaci\u00f3n (ver Figura 2). Adem\u00e1s de las amenazas del contrabando, los precios por saca de arroz vienen a la baja desde el tercer trimestre de 2015. Esta realidad no ocurre con los costos de producci\u00f3n de los fertilizantes nitrogenados, los cuales representan uno de los insumos principales para la producci\u00f3n\u00a0(INIAP 2022a). El costo de estos fertilizantes pas\u00f3 de $30,19 d\u00f3lares por saco de urea en enero de 2014 a $51,32 d\u00f3lares en septiembre de 2022\u00a0(SIPA 2022c). Es decir, un alza del 70% s\u00f3lo en este insumo, en el periodo de comparaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f17084c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f17084c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-261e47f\" data-id=\"261e47f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-332ec4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"332ec4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/noticia35-qjj3ikh393v2lhspvpf3aaoav1icwxb5l58ise77k0.jpg\" title=\"noticia35\" alt=\"noticia35\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54f73fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54f73fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d11676\" data-id=\"7d11676\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21cea1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"21cea1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"997\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia36-1024x997.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9793\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia36-1024x997.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia36-300x292.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia36-768x748.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia36-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticia36.jpg 1360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c2ef\" data-id=\"5d0c2ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c66de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c66de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Por otro lado, nos enfrentamos con una realidad distinta en el caso del ma\u00edz duro. Como primer escenario, las series nos muestran que los precios del arroz van de la mano cuando sube o baja el precio, sin distinguir si el grano est\u00e1 en c\u00e1scara o en pilado (ver Figura 2). Al contrario, los precios del ma\u00edz duro s\u00ed presentan diferencias en cuanto a su calidad cuando el precio baja. Por ejemplo, en el segundo trimestre de 2019, los precios entre el ma\u00edz seco y h\u00famedo<a href=\"#notas\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0tuvieron una diferencia de $4,2 d\u00f3lares. No obstante, el primer trimestre de 2019 cuando el precio alcanz\u00f3 un pico la diferencia entre ambos, no tuvo una diferencia mayor a $0,40 centavos (ver Figura 3). En un solo trimestre la calidad del ma\u00edz determin\u00f3 la reducci\u00f3n del precio del ma\u00edz: baj\u00f3 el 30% en el caso del ma\u00edz sucio y h\u00famedo, y reducci\u00f3n del 13% en el caso del ma\u00edz seco y limpio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7561ec8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7561ec8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eea90fd\" data-id=\"eea90fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cf9292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cf9292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la producci\u00f3n de ma\u00edz tambi\u00e9n se tiene un aumento de los precios de los insumos. Por ejemplo, los insecticidas, los cuales se utilizan para la protecci\u00f3n de la semilla y para el proceso de cultivo\u00a0(INIAP 2022b). Pasaron en el primer trimestre de 2014, de un costo de $11,07 d\u00f3lares por litro mientras que en el tercer trimestre de 2022 el precio promedio lleg\u00f3 casi a $13 d\u00f3lares\u00a0(SIPA 2022c).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a12203a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a12203a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e144ac5\" data-id=\"e144ac5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ffa8d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ffa8d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>A manera de cierre<\/strong><\/p><p>Los precios de sustentaci\u00f3n se muestran como un instrumento que pretende corregir las oscilaciones constantes de los precios agr\u00edcolas. Sin embargo, cuando analizamos casos concretos como los tres que hemos mencionado, vemos que en la realidad el precio estipulado no se cumple. Si esto es as\u00ed para los productos que cuentan con un precio de sustentaci\u00f3n, \u00bfqu\u00e9 podemos esperar para los cultivos que no cuentan con esta regulaci\u00f3n? Por lo tanto, nos encontramos con otro aspecto que entra al debate, y que tiene que ver con la cuesti\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo calcular los precios de sustentaci\u00f3n. Si el c\u00e1lculo se sigue haciendo en funci\u00f3n de los costos de producci\u00f3n, se seguir\u00e1n manteniendo en los m\u00e1rgenes a lxs intermediarios y mayoristas, quienes concentran un gran porcentaje de los ingresos de la producci\u00f3n agropecuaria. Sin duda, este tema se contrapone con el libre mercado. Sin embargo, en este caso, el libre mercado no se da, debido a la concentraci\u00f3n de los recursos por parte de lxs proveedorxs de insumos, el contrabando y la importaci\u00f3n de alimentos de origen subsidiado. Por ello, es necesario y urgente dise\u00f1ar un mecanismo que garantice las condiciones m\u00ednimas para la compensaci\u00f3n justa de las econom\u00edas rurales, de modo que los ingresos permitan alcanzar una vida digna en el campo y no solamente sirvan para cubrir las deudas que esclavizan a las familias agricultoras.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-439d754\" data-id=\"439d754\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdd3726 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bdd3726\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1021\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37-1021x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9784\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37-1021x1024.jpg 1021w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37-768x770.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/noticias37.jpg 1294w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1021px) 100vw, 1021px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08690d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08690d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc92c6f\" data-id=\"bc92c6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185ac77 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"185ac77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/BOLETIN-PRECIOS-II.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"DESCARGAR BOLETIN-PRECIOS-II\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/BOLETIN-PRECIOS-II.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDESCARGAR BOLETIN-PRECIOS-II\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5425102 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5425102\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a7b3e5\" data-id=\"7a7b3e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f11851b elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-10318 elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f11851b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Te podr\u00eda interesar<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee68ecc pp-card-slider-image-left pp-card-slider-dots-aside elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-10298 elementor-widget-pp-card-slider\" data-id=\"ee68ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;open_lightbox&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-card-slider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider pp-swiper-slider\" data-slider-settings=\"{&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:1,&quot;auto_height&quot;:false,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:3000,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:false,&quot;keyboard&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Teal Modern ChatBot AI Presentation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjEwMDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9UZWFsLU1vZGVybi1DaGF0Qm90LUFJLVByZXNlbnRhdGlvbi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlZTY4ZWNjIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Teal-Modern-ChatBot-AI-Presentation-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Teal-Modern-ChatBot-AI-Presentation-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 8, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/abrir-las-puertas-para-unos-pocos-que-pasa-con-los-tratados-de-libre-comercio-en-ecuador\/\">Abrir las puertas para unos pocos: \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa con los Tratados de Libre Comercio en Ecuador?<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconom\u00eda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG_20221216_103746_342\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA5MzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9JTUdfMjAyMjEyMTZfMTAzNzQ2XzM0Mi0xLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlZTY4ZWNjIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_20221216_103746_342-1-768x560.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_20221216_103746_342-1-768x560.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 27, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/no-se-dice-el-oriente-esto-es-la-amazonia-en-memoria-de-luis-yanza\/\">\u201cNo se dice el oriente, esto es la Amazon\u00eda\u201d. <\/br> En memoria de Luis Yanza<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpini\u00f3n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Blue Modern Ocean Presentation (2)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA4ODEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9CbHVlLU1vZGVybi1PY2Vhbi1QcmVzZW50YXRpb24tMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlZTY4ZWNjIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-2-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-2-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 17, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/la-mirada-en-lo-externo-y-la-desidia-en-lo-interno-ecuador-exportador\/\">La mirada en lo externo, y la desidia en lo interno: Ecuador exportador.<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconom\u00eda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Blue Modern Ocean Presentation (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA3OTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9CbHVlLU1vZGVybi1PY2Vhbi1QcmVzZW50YXRpb24tMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlZTY4ZWNjIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-1-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-1-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 3, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/guayas-como-cristalizacion-del-regimen-alimentario-corporativo-resultados-del-censo-2025\/\">Guayas como cristalizaci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen alimentario corporativo: Resultados del Censo 2025<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconom\u00eda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Disen\u0303o sin ti\u0301tulo\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA3MDcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAyXC9EaXNlbm8tc2luLXRpdHVsby5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlZTY4ZWNjIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diseno-sin-titulo-768x576.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diseno-sin-titulo-768x576.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 19, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/entre-saberes-y-juventudes-la-nueva-imagen-del-ocaru-para-una-realidad-diversa\/\">Entre saberes y juventudes: La nueva imagen del OCARU para una realidad diversa<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Blue Modern Ocean Presentation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA1NzYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAyXC9CbHVlLU1vZGVybi1PY2Vhbi1QcmVzZW50YXRpb24uanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZWU2OGVjYyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 12, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/de-la-lucha-arancelaria-a-los-territorios-rurales-que-pasa-con-los-aranceles-entre-colombia-y-ecuador\/\">De la lucha arancelaria a los territorios rurales:  \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa con los aranceles entre Colombia y Ecuador?<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpini\u00f3n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG_1706\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjAwMzksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzExXC9JTUdfMTcwNi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlZTY4ZWNjIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_1706-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_1706-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 23, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/mapeo-de-experiencias-agroecologicas-ecuador\/\">Ecuador lanza el Mapeo de Experiencias Agroecol\u00f3gicas <br> Mapea tu historia y sembremos transformaci\u00f3n<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"WhatsApp Image 2025-11-13 at 3.22.01 PM\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTk5ODEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzExXC9XaGF0c0FwcC1JbWFnZS0yMDI1LTExLTEzLWF0LTMuMjIuMDEtUE0uanBlZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImVlNjhlY2MifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-11-13-at-3.22.01-PM-768x519.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-11-13-at-3.22.01-PM-768x519.jpeg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 13, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/la-constitucion-de-2008-y-la-reduccion-de-la-subalimentacion\/\">La Constituci\u00f3n de 2008 y la reducci\u00f3n de la subalimentaci\u00f3n<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEsteban Daza\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ee68ecc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"WhatsApp Image 2025-09-04 at 1.42.48 PM\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTk1NjMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA5XC9XaGF0c0FwcC1JbWFnZS0yMDI1LTA5LTA0LWF0LTEuNDIuNDgtUE0uanBlZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImVlNjhlY2MifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-04-at-1.42.48-PM-768x432.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-04-at-1.42.48-PM-768x432.jpeg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 9, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/lanzamiento-de-libro-agriculturas-familiares-campesinas-en-los-andes-entre-las-multiples-crisis-y-la-transformacion\/\">Lanzamiento de libro. Agriculturas Familiares Campesinas en los Andes: entre las m\u00faltiples crisis y la transformaci\u00f3n<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  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class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 18, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/edicion-genetica-en-semillas-avance-tecnologico-o-amenaza-para-la-soberania-alimentaria-en-ecuador\/\">Edici\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica en semillas: \u00bfAvance tecnol\u00f3gico o amenaza para la soberan\u00eda alimentaria en Ecuador?<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-ee68ecc\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1444240 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1444240\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a695ca9\" data-id=\"a695ca9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae746b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"ae746b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"notas\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105fad4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105fad4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Notas<\/strong><\/p><p><sup>[1]<\/sup>\u00a0Los precios agr\u00edcolas a nivel interno est\u00e1n influenciados principalmente por tres elementos: la oferta y la demanda local, los precios de los mercados mundiales, y la presencia de exportaciones subsidiadas\u00a0(Norton 2004).<\/p><p><sup>[2]<\/sup> Ver: <a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/los-precios-agropecuarios-elementos-que-precarizan-la-vida-en-el-campo-i\/\">https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/los-precios-agropecuarios-elementos-que-precarizan-la-vida-en-el-campo-i\/<\/a><\/p><p><sup>[3]<\/sup>\u00a0En estado fresco.<\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/><p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Referencias<\/strong><\/p><p>Direcci\u00f3n Nacional de Estudios de Mercado. 2016. Estudio de Mercado \u00abPrecios de Sustentaci\u00f3n en los Productos Agr\u00edcolas en el Ecuador\u00bb. editado por Intendencia de Abogac\u00eda de la Competencia. Quito: Superintendencia de Control del Poder del Mercado.<\/p><p>Guillem, J. Guill. 1968. \u00abLos precios agr\u00edcolas y los mecanismos para su regulaci\u00f3n.\u00bb\u00a0\u00a0<em>Revista de Econom\u00eda Pol\u00edtica<\/em>49.<\/p><p>INEC. 2022. Encuesta de Superficie y Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria Continua (ESPAC) 2021. editado por INEC. Quito.<\/p><p>INIAP. 2022a. Costos de producci\u00f3n del cultivo de Arroz. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias.<\/p><p>INIAP. 2022b. Ma\u00edz Duro. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias.<\/p><p>Norton, Roger. 2004. \u00abPol\u00edticas que influyen en los incentivos a los productores.\u00bb En\u00a0<em>Pol\u00edtica de desarrollo agr\u00edcola. Conceptos y principios<\/em>. Roma: Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Redacci\u00f3n El Universo. 2022. \u00abMinisterio de Agricultura fija nuevos precios m\u00ednimos de sustentaci\u00f3n para el arroz con $ 2,50 de aumento.\u00bb\u00a0<em>El Universo<\/em>, 5 de abril 2022, Econom\u00eda.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eluniverso.com\/noticias\/economia\/ministerio-de-agricultura-fija-nuevos-precios-minimos-de-sustentacion-para-el-arroz-con-250-de-aumento-nota\/\">https:\/\/www.eluniverso.com\/noticias\/economia\/ministerio-de-agricultura-fija-nuevos-precios-minimos-de-sustentacion-para-el-arroz-con-250-de-aumento-nota\/<\/a>.<\/p><p>Redacci\u00f3n Primicias. 2021. \u00abLos precios de sustentaci\u00f3n restan competitividad a Ecuador.\u00bb\u00a0<em>Primicias<\/em>, 14 de julio 2021.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.primicias.ec\/noticias\/economia\/precio-sustentacion-productos-agricolas-ecuador\/\">https:\/\/www.primicias.ec\/noticias\/economia\/precio-sustentacion-productos-agricolas-ecuador\/<\/a>.<\/p><p>SIPA. 2022a. Ficha de cultivo de banano. En\u00a0<em>Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Agropecuaria<\/em>, editado por Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda. Quito.<\/p><p>SIPA. 2022b. Precios Agroindustrias. En\u00a0<em>Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Agropecuaria<\/em>, editado por Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda. Quito.SIPA. 2022c. Precios Agroqu\u00edmicos. Quito: Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9953eaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9953eaf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f12148e\" data-id=\"f12148e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf9f3d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf9f3d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tmnf_excerpt meta_deko\"><p>En el n\u00famero pasado se introdujeron elementos que ayudan a entender la estructura de precios de los productos agropecuarios1. En ese n\u00famero se mencion\u00f3 que uno de estos elementos era el control estatal. <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":9772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[103],"class_list":["post-9771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia","tag-noticias-rotativas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.8 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Los precios agropecuarios: elementos que precarizan la vida en el campo (II) - Ocaru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/los-precios-agropecuarios-elementos-que-precarizan-la-vida-en-el-campo-ii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Los precios agropecuarios: elementos que precarizan la vida en el campo (II)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En el n\u00famero pasado se introdujeron elementos que ayudan a entender la estructura de precios de los productos agropecuarios1. 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