{"id":16825,"date":"2024-05-22T17:11:37","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T22:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/?p=16825"},"modified":"2024-05-29T17:56:47","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T22:56:47","slug":"menos-ingresos-mas-hambre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/menos-ingresos-mas-hambre\/","title":{"rendered":"Menos ingresos, m\u00e1s hambre"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16825\" class=\"elementor elementor-16825\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a144bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a144bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1a0c01\" data-id=\"f1a0c01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c79cca2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c79cca2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"692\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/N-1024x692.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16867\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/N-1024x692.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/N-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/N-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/N-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/N.jpg 1480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0dd6b3\" data-id=\"d0dd6b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d4bf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76d4bf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"itemIntroText\"><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>Actualmente, la disponibilidad alimentaria en el mundo esta\u0301 amenazada por la crisis energe\u0301tica y por la agudizacio\u0301n de los eventos clima\u0301ticos extremos, que han provocado el alza en el costo de la vida (World Economic Forum 2023). En te\u0301rminos de cambio clima\u0301tico, las amenazas a la disponibilidad alimentaria no so\u0301lo se evidencian a trave\u0301s de inundaciones o sequi\u0301as, sino tambie\u0301n a trave\u0301s de la adaptacio\u0301n y la extensio\u0301n de pato\u0301genos en nuevos territorios (Singh et al. 2023). En Ecuador, previo a la llegada de la pandemia, ya se veni\u0301a reduciendo la calidad del empleo y, por tanto, los ingresos familiares. Actualmente, nos encontramos en un escenario en el que se combinan el alza del costo de la vida y la reduccio\u0301n de ingresos en los hogares. Este panorama demuestra que los alimentos son el principal elemento en el alza de precios. Esta realidad no contempla todavi\u0301a el debate sobre el acceso a alimentos sanos, frente al avance de los alimentos ultra procesados.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d53e75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d53e75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18b61e0\" data-id=\"18b61e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a94e40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a94e40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>En Ecuador, respecto al incremento del costo de la vida, en febrero de 2023, el precio de la canasta familiar ba\u0301sica(1) alcanzo\u0301 los $767,11 do\u0301lares, uno de los precios ma\u0301s altos en la u\u0301ltima de\u0301cada (INEC 2023a)(2). Otro elemento del alto costo de la vida se hace tangible en la inflacio\u0301n acumulada anual (ver Figura 1). En 2022, la inflacio\u0301n supero\u0301 niveles que no se vei\u0301an desde 2012 (INEC 2023e). Cabe mencionar que, en 2012, la pobreza multidimensional rural teni\u0301a tendencia a la baja, mientras que, desde 2016 viene incrementando, llegando en 2022 al 70,1% (ver Figura 1).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e50c45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e50c45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0bf6292\" data-id=\"0bf6292\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6ee18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5a6ee18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.20.16-985x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16833\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.20.16-985x1024.png 985w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.20.16-289x300.png 289w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.20.16-768x798.png 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.20.16-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.20.16.png 1124w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86556be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86556be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31acd5f\" data-id=\"31acd5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0012682 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0012682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>En el mes de marzo de 2023 la inflacio\u0301n fue de 2,85% y la categori\u0301a que ma\u0301s incidio\u0301 en la inflacio\u0301n fue: alimentos y bebidas no alcoho\u0301licas con un 1,29% (INEC, 2023c). Si los alimentos y bebidas fueron la categori\u0301a con mayor aumento en estos an\u0303os, el costo de una dieta sana en alimentos lo es au\u0301n ma\u0301s. Desde 2017 hasta 2019 segu\u0301n estimaciones, el costo diario de una dieta saludable(3) por persona paso\u0301 de 2,79 a 2,86 do\u0301lares (FAO 2023a). Mientras tanto, en el 2020, este costo se coloco\u0301 en $2,93 do\u0301lares.<\/p><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>Con los costos de 2019, una dieta saludable para un hogar de 4 personas costari\u0301a alrededor de $343,2 do\u0301lares al mes. No obstante, la mitad de personas ocupadas(4) en el primer trimestre de 2023 tuvieron un ingreso igual o menor a $319,2 (INEC 2023b).<\/p><p>Si el dato de la existencia de 1,6 perceptores en cada hogar estari\u0301a correcto, el ingreso mensual de la mitad de los hogares seri\u0301a de $510,72 do\u0301lares. Asi\u0301, cada hogar dispondri\u0301a de $168,52 do\u0301lares mensuales para cubrir los dema\u0301s costos de la vida.<\/p><p>Adem\u00e1s, la mediana del ingreso m\u00e1s baja la tienen las personas de la rama de agricultura y minas, para quienes la mediana del ingreso mensual es de $199,8 d\u00f3lares, un 51% menos de quienes se dedican a la construcci\u00f3n (INEC 2023b). Adicional al alza del costo de la vida, las condiciones de empleo tampoco son las mejores. Para inicios de 2007, 4 de cada 10 trabajadorxs ten\u00edan un empleo formal(5), mientras que, en diciembre de 2014, se alcanz\u00f3 la cifra de empleo formal m\u00e1s alta, donde cerca de 5 de cada 10 trabajadorxs formaban parte de esta categor\u00eda (BCE 2023a). En lo que corre de este a\u00f1o (2023), el empleo formal alcanza apenas a 3 de cada 10 personas. Y el salario real se coloca en $407 d\u00f3lares tomando en cuenta el alza del Salario B\u00e1sico Unificado (BCE 2023b). En s\u00edntesis, desde el 2019 hasta el 2023 el salario real ha crecido en 8,9% mientras que el empleo pleno cay\u00f3 en 7,9%, con referencia al primer trimestre de cada a\u00f1o.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e67577c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e67577c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4318fa4\" data-id=\"4318fa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f468547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f468547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"515\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27-515x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16844\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27-515x1024.png 515w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27-151x300.png 151w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27-768x1528.png 768w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27-772x1536.png 772w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27-6x12.png 6w, https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2024-05-22-a-las-17.36.27.png 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa9e2fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa9e2fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a66c9e\" data-id=\"5a66c9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a50ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a50ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wolfson et al. (2019) encontraron que los ingresos bajos est\u00e1n fuertemente asociados a una mayor cantidad de barreras para el acceso a alimentos saludables. La combinaci\u00f3n de ambas incide directamente en los h\u00e1bitos de consumo y en la elaboraci\u00f3n de alimentos. Adem\u00e1s, de las limitaciones monetarias, las personas de bajos ingresos tambi\u00e9n se enfrentan con una menor cantidad de tiempo para poder buscar y adquirir alimentos saludables. Este \u00faltimo punto coincide con el estudio de Burns et al. (2011). Adem\u00e1s de coincidir en la disponibilidad de tiempo como factor para el acceso a alimentos saludables, incluyen la accesibilidad en t\u00e9rminos de distancia y de disponibilidad de medios de transporte para la b\u00fasqueda de alimentos sanos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e21ffd0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e21ffd0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f116cb8\" data-id=\"f116cb8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd4e36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7bd4e36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>A manera de conclusi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>La agroecolog\u00eda se puede establecer como una opci\u00f3n viable frente a la multiplicidad de efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y frente a la crisis energ\u00e9tica. Sin embargo, no s\u00f3lo se trata de garantizar condiciones de reproducci\u00f3n y producci\u00f3n de lxs agricultorxs, sino tambi\u00e9n hay que colocar el debate sobre el acceso a alimentos sanos para todas las personas independientemente de su nivel de ingresos. Este acceso depende de los precios de los alimentos, de la proximidad y los medios f\u00edsicos para obtenerlos, y de los canales de difusi\u00f3n que puedan tener. Un ejemplo para resaltar es el de la Cooperativa Sur-Siendo, la cual oferta alimentos sanos a precios asequibles para barrios populares, a trav\u00e9s del empleo de circuitos cortos con productorxs agroecol\u00f3gicxs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7cc07d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7cc07d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6158e3e\" data-id=\"6158e3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abbe173 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"abbe173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/200144182_2570559063238810_1923306491047618203_n.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"DESCARGAR PDF \/ MENOS INGRESOS, M\u00c1S HAMBRE\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/200144182_2570559063238810_1923306491047618203_n.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDESCARGAR PDF \/ MENOS INGRESOS, M\u00c1S HAMBRE\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b23b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-10318 elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6b23b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Te podr\u00eda interesar<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be0a0ed pp-card-slider-image-left pp-card-slider-dots-aside elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-10298 elementor-widget-pp-card-slider\" data-id=\"be0a0ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;open_lightbox&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-card-slider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider pp-swiper-slider\" data-slider-settings=\"{&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:1,&quot;auto_height&quot;:false,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:3000,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:false,&quot;keyboard&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Teal Modern ChatBot AI Presentation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjEwMDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9UZWFsLU1vZGVybi1DaGF0Qm90LUFJLVByZXNlbnRhdGlvbi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZTBhMGVkIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Teal-Modern-ChatBot-AI-Presentation-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Teal-Modern-ChatBot-AI-Presentation-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 8, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/abrir-las-puertas-para-unos-pocos-que-pasa-con-los-tratados-de-libre-comercio-en-ecuador\/\">Abrir las puertas para unos pocos: \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa con los Tratados de Libre Comercio en Ecuador?<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconom\u00eda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG_20221216_103746_342\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA5MzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9JTUdfMjAyMjEyMTZfMTAzNzQ2XzM0Mi0xLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZTBhMGVkIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_20221216_103746_342-1-768x560.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_20221216_103746_342-1-768x560.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 27, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/no-se-dice-el-oriente-esto-es-la-amazonia-en-memoria-de-luis-yanza\/\">\u201cNo se dice el oriente, esto es la Amazon\u00eda\u201d. <\/br> En memoria de Luis Yanza<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpini\u00f3n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Blue Modern Ocean Presentation (2)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA4ODEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9CbHVlLU1vZGVybi1PY2Vhbi1QcmVzZW50YXRpb24tMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZTBhMGVkIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-2-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-2-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 17, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/la-mirada-en-lo-externo-y-la-desidia-en-lo-interno-ecuador-exportador\/\">La mirada en lo externo, y la desidia en lo interno: Ecuador exportador.<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconom\u00eda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Blue Modern Ocean Presentation (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA3OTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9CbHVlLU1vZGVybi1PY2Vhbi1QcmVzZW50YXRpb24tMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZTBhMGVkIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-1-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-1-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 3, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/guayas-como-cristalizacion-del-regimen-alimentario-corporativo-resultados-del-censo-2025\/\">Guayas como cristalizaci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen alimentario corporativo: Resultados del Censo 2025<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconom\u00eda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Disen\u0303o sin ti\u0301tulo\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA3MDcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAyXC9EaXNlbm8tc2luLXRpdHVsby5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZTBhMGVkIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diseno-sin-titulo-768x576.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diseno-sin-titulo-768x576.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 19, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/entre-saberes-y-juventudes-la-nueva-imagen-del-ocaru-para-una-realidad-diversa\/\">Entre saberes y juventudes: La nueva imagen del OCARU para una realidad diversa<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Blue Modern Ocean Presentation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA1NzYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAyXC9CbHVlLU1vZGVybi1PY2Vhbi1QcmVzZW50YXRpb24uanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYmUwYTBlZCJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Blue-Modern-Ocean-Presentation-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 12, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/de-la-lucha-arancelaria-a-los-territorios-rurales-que-pasa-con-los-aranceles-entre-colombia-y-ecuador\/\">De la lucha arancelaria a los territorios rurales:  \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa con los aranceles entre Colombia y Ecuador?<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDavid Singa\u00f1a Tapia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpini\u00f3n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG_1706\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjAwMzksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzExXC9JTUdfMTcwNi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZTBhMGVkIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_1706-768x432.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_1706-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 23, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/mapeo-de-experiencias-agroecologicas-ecuador\/\">Ecuador lanza el Mapeo de Experiencias Agroecol\u00f3gicas <br> Mapea tu historia y sembremos transformaci\u00f3n<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"WhatsApp Image 2025-11-13 at 3.22.01 PM\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTk5ODEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzExXC9XaGF0c0FwcC1JbWFnZS0yMDI1LTExLTEzLWF0LTMuMjIuMDEtUE0uanBlZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImJlMGEwZWQifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-11-13-at-3.22.01-PM-768x519.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-11-13-at-3.22.01-PM-768x519.jpeg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 13, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/la-constitucion-de-2008-y-la-reduccion-de-la-subalimentacion\/\">La Constituci\u00f3n de 2008 y la reducci\u00f3n de la subalimentaci\u00f3n<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEsteban Daza\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"WhatsApp Image 2025-09-04 at 1.42.48 PM\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTk1NjMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA5XC9XaGF0c0FwcC1JbWFnZS0yMDI1LTA5LTA0LWF0LTEuNDIuNDgtUE0uanBlZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImJlMGEwZWQifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-04-at-1.42.48-PM-768x432.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-09-04-at-1.42.48-PM-768x432.jpeg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 9, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/lanzamiento-de-libro-agriculturas-familiares-campesinas-en-los-andes-entre-las-multiples-crisis-y-la-transformacion\/\">Lanzamiento de libro. Agriculturas Familiares Campesinas en los Andes: entre las m\u00faltiples crisis y la transformaci\u00f3n<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-item swiper-slide pp-card-slider-item-9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"be0a0ed\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Foto-Arroz\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTkzNTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9vY2FydS5vcmcuZWNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9Gb3RvLUFycm96LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImJlMGEwZWQifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Foto-Arroz-768x539.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Foto-Arroz-768x539.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 18, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"pp-card-slider-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ocaru.org.ec\/en\/edicion-genetica-en-semillas-avance-tecnologico-o-amenaza-para-la-soberania-alimentaria-en-ecuador\/\">Edici\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica en semillas: \u00bfAvance tecnol\u00f3gico o amenaza para la soberan\u00eda alimentaria en Ecuador?<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-card-slider-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-content-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabriela Vanegas Carrera\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-post-category\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-folder-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-card-slider-meta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActualidad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-be0a0ed\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1035f10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1035f10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed15033\" data-id=\"ed15033\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5dcb23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e5dcb23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"notas\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0243621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0243621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Notas:<\/strong><\/p><p>[1] \u201cConjunto de bienes y servicios que son imprescindibles para satisfacer las necesidades b\u00e1sicas del hogar tipo compuesto por 4 miembros\u201d (INEC 2015)<\/p><p>[2] La canasta familiar b\u00e1sica toma por par\u00e1metro la existencia de 1,6 perceptores de ingresos en los hogares, no obstante, esta m\u00e9trica es muy debatible con la tendencia del empleo (ver Figura 2).<\/p><p>[3] Alimentos menos costosos disponibles localmente que pueden cumplir con los requerimientos de energ\u00eda basados en las gu\u00edas alimentarias locales (FAO 2023b).<\/p><p>[4] Personas asalariadas e independientes.<\/p><p>[5] Los datos alrededor de la serie de tiempo no son comparables entre los periodos 2007-2013, 2014-2019, 2020-2023. Debido a cambios en la metodolog\u00eda de muestreo de la encuesta. No obstante, la definici\u00f3n de la categor\u00eda empleo pleno tiene coincidencia a lo largo del tiempo. Para el primer periodo fue: \u201cpersonas que trabajan como m\u00ednimo la jornada legal de 40 horas semanales, o bien quienes habiendo trabajado menos de 40 horas\u00a0 por cualquier motivo, no desean trabajar m\u00e1s horas y adem\u00e1s cuentan con un ingreso del trabajo cuyo monto sea igual o superior al salario m\u00ednimo legal\u201d (INEC 2007). Y para el segundo y periodo la definici\u00f3n es: \u201cpersonas satisfacen condiciones m\u00ednimas, (\u2026), durante la semana de referencia, perciben ingresos laborales iguales o superiores al Salario B\u00e1sico Unificado, trabajan igual o m\u00e1s de 40 horas a la semana, independientemente del deseo y disponibilidad de trabajar horas adicionales. (\u2026) Durante la semana de referencia, perciben ingresos laborales iguales o superiores al Salario B\u00e1sico Unificado trabajan menos de 40 horas pero no desean trabajar m\u00e1s\u201d (INEC 2018).<\/p><p>[6] El salario de diciembre incluye el d\u00e9cimo tercer sueldo.<\/p><p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Bibliograf\u00eda:<\/strong><\/p><p>BCE. 2023a. Distribuci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3micamente activa (PEA). editado por Estad\u00edsticas Sector Real. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador.<\/p><p>BCE. 2023b. Salario Unificado y Componentes Salariales. editado por Estad\u00edsticas Sector Real. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador.<\/p><p>Burns, Cate, Rebecca Bentley, Lukar Thornton, y Anne Kavanagh. 2011. &#8220;Reduced food access due to a lack of money, inability to lift and lack of access to a car for food shopping: a multilevel study in Melbourne, Victoria.&#8221;\u00a0 <em>Public Health Nutrition<\/em> 14 (6):1017-1023. doi: 10.1017\/S136898001000385X.<\/p><p>FAO. 2023a. Costo y asequilibilidad de una dieta saludable (CoAHD). editado por FAOSTAT. Roma: Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentaci\u00f3n y la Agricultura.<\/p><p>FAO. 2023b. &#8220;Definiciones y Est\u00e1ndares &#8211; Costo y asequibilidad de una diera saludable (CoAHD).&#8221; Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentaci\u00f3n y la Agricultura. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/es\/#data\/CAHD\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/es\/#data\/CAHD<\/a>.<\/p><p>INEC. 2007. Aspectos Metodol\u00f3gicos ENEMDU 2007. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2015. Ficha Metodol\u00f3gica de la Canasta Familiar B\u00e1sica (CFB). Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2018. Tasa de empleo adecuado (15 y m\u00e1s a\u00f1os). Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2023a. Canasta Familiar B\u00e1sica. Serie Hist\u00f3rica. editado por \u00cdndice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC) Canastas. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2023b. Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo &#8211; ENEMDU. Indicadores laborales I trimestre de 2023. Quito Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2023c. \u00cdndice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC) Marzo &#8211; 2023. Quito: Instituto de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2023d. Tabulados &#8211; \u00cdndice de Pobreza Multidimensional. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>INEC. 2023e. Tabulados del \u00cdndice de Precios al Consumidor &#8211; IPC &#8211; Variaci\u00f3n porcentual en lo que va del a\u00f1o. editado por Direcci\u00f3n de Estad\u00edsticas Econ\u00f3micas. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos.<\/p><p>Singh, Brajesh K., Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Eleonora Egidi, Emilio Guirado, Jan E. Leach, Hongwei Liu, and Pankaj Trivedi. 2023. &#8220;Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward.&#8221;\u00a0 Nature Reviews Microbiology. doi: 10.1038\/s41579-023-00900-7.<\/p><p>Wolfson, Julia A., Rebecca Ramsing, Caroline R. Richardson, y Anne Palmer. 2019. &#8220;Barriers to healthy food access: Associations with household income and cooking behavior.&#8221;\u00a0 <em>Preventive Medicine Reports<\/em> 13:298-305. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.01.023\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.01.023<\/a>.<\/p><p>World Economic Forum. 2023. The Global Risks Report 2023. En <em>Insight Report<\/em>, editado por World Economic Forum. 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